Research Study Participation

• Must be at least 18 years or older
• Must be a Cuban immigrant living in the U.S.A. who immigrated after July 11, 2021

• Ages 18-35
• No history of lower extremity surgery ever
• No history of lower extremity injury (defined as seeking medical attention) within the last 2 years

• Adults 18-40 years of age
• Familiarity with the names of foundational yoga poses
• Physical activity is not contraindicated (i.e., no affirmative responses on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone [PAR-Q+])

• Physically Active Adults (Current Tegner Activity Scale of at least 5)
• Male and female adults, aged 18-30 years

Inclusion criteria – ACL group:

• Age 18-35 years
• History of primary unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACLR) within last 2 years
• No history of any lower limb surgery besides the current ACLR
• Medical clearance to initiate jogging

Inclusion criteria – Uninjured group:

• Age 18-35 years
• No history of lower extremity surgery
• No history of lower extremity injury (defined as seeking medical attention) within last 2 years

• A male or female (18-54 years old)
• Resistance trained per ACSM guidelines ≥ 6 months.
• Participate in a form of bicep curls at least 1x a week for ≥ 6 months.

• Aged 60 years or older
• Have normal cognitive function (based on results from the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] or Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
• Are willing to perform grip strength tests and provide informed consent
• Fluent in English

• Be 18-35 years old
• Currently pain free
• English speaking

• Are 18–50 years old.
• Have had low back pain for more than 12 weeks, rated 3/10 or higher in the past 48 hours.
• Are resistance trained (2x/week for the past 8 weeks

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)