• A male or female (18-54 years old)
• Resistance trained per ACSM guidelines ≥ 6 months.
• Participate in a form of bicep curls at least 1x a week for ≥ 6 months.

• Aged 60 years or older
• Have normal cognitive function (based on results from the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] or Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
• Are willing to perform grip strength tests and provide informed consent
• Fluent in English

• Be 18-35 years old
• Currently pain free
• English speaking

• Are 18–50 years old.
• Have had low back pain for more than 12 weeks, rated 3/10 or higher in the past 48 hours.
• Are resistance trained (2x/week for the past 8 weeks

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)

• At least 14 years old
  • Individuals under the age of 18 must be accompanied by a parent
• Have at least 3 years of ballet experience
• Currently practice dance technique
  • At least 1 hour per week over the past 6 months
• Are familiar with basic ballet terminology

• Are at least 18 years old
• Currently identify as:
  • a dancer
  • a dance parent
  • a dance teach/choreographer/coach
  • a dance studio/company/program director or equivalent

• Ages: 18-75 
• Chronic low back pain (lasting 3+ months) 
• Pain intensity: 3/10 or higher in the past 24 hours 
• Access to email and intern

• At least 18 years old
• A licensed or certified healthcare provider
• A student in an accredited professional healthcare program

• Are an aerobically trained female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Achieve a peak V̇O₂ of ≥33.6 ml∙kg^-1∙min^-1 on the first visit based on age- and sex-specific normative reference values for cycle ergometry provided by the American College of Sports Medicine
• Are willing to come in for all six visits