Part 1

• Male between the ages of 18-45 years old
• Healthy as determined by the PAR-Q+
• At least recreationally active (3 or more days a week)
• English speaking

Part 2

• Male between the ages of 18-45 years old
• Healthy as determined by the PAR-Q+
• English speaking
• At least recreationally active (3 or more days a week)
• Jiu jitsu practitioners with greater than 2 years of jiu jitsu experience OR holding a blue belt or higher in jiu jitsu

• pain-free
• 18-60 years old
• participant can perform the knee extension exercise (assessed during screening)

• Resistance trained females between the ages of 18-35
• Trained individuals are defined as having resistance trained at least 2x/week for the past 6 months as per ACSM guidelines
• Willing to come in for all testing visits

• Male or female between the ages of 18-55 years old
• Healthy as determined by the PAR-Q+
• English speaking

• Ages 18-45,
• Have a biological sex of male or female
• Have self-reported low back pain within the previous 6 months or greater than 3 episodes within the past 3 years

• Participants to be between the ages of 18-40 years old
• Insidious onset of symptoms greater than 3 months
• Worst pain in the previous month of 3/10 with two of the following tasks: prolonged sitting, jumping, squatting, kneeling, running, and stair ambulation

• 65 years of age or older
• Willingness to engage in body composition testing, muscle strength testing, muscle function testing, muscle size testing, and answering questionnaires
• Able to provide documentation from primary care doctor

• Male or Female between the ages of 18-40 years old
• Healthy as determined by the Par-Q+ and a Medical History Questionnaire
• Are meeting the American College of Sports Medicine standards by doing at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week
• Report Habitual caffeine intake  less than 300 mg·day (Equivalent to 3 cups of coffee per day or 2–16oz cans of Redbull)
• Minimal previous experience on the Neurotracker device (defined as little to no experience (<10 exposures to core assessments) with the Neurotracker). 
• No visual impairments, or impairment that cannot be corrected with corrective lenses 
• Are currently not taking any prescription medications or over the counter medications known to impact attention such as amphetamines (Ritalin, Adderall, Vyvanse, etc). 
• Currently not pregnant and do not become pregnant during the study period. 

• Male or female between the ages of 18-40
• Healthy, and ready for physical activity as determined by the PAR-Q+, MHQ, and if applicable, MSQ.
• Participants will be required to be recreationally active (defined according to ACSM standards of at least 150 minutes exercise per week).
• Participants must be willing abstain from dietary supplementation that are viewed by study investigators to confound the outcomes of the study (e.g., Creatine) or if actively supplementing, to keep intake consistent throughout the duration of the study.
• Consuming less that 300mg of caffeine daily
• Free from any current lower body injuries
• Must have no previous isoinertial training
• Willing to abstain from lower body resistance training for at least 72 hours prior to each visit

• 10 years of age or older
• Play golf multiple times per year