Research Study Participation

• Physically Active Adults (Current Tegner Activity Scale of at least 5)
• Male and female adults, aged 18-30 years

Inclusion criteria – ACL group:

• Age 18-35 years
• History of primary unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACLR) within last 2 years
• No history of any lower limb surgery besides the current ACLR
• Medical clearance to initiate jogging

Inclusion criteria – Uninjured group:

• Age 18-35 years
• No history of lower extremity surgery
• No history of lower extremity injury (defined as seeking medical attention) within last 2 years

• Aged 60 years or older
• Have normal cognitive function (based on results from the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] or Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
• Are willing to perform grip strength tests and provide informed consent
• Fluent in English

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)

• 18-35 years old with no current or history of low back pain or spine surgery
• Able to carry a 35 pound rucksack (heavy backpack)
• Able to perform a single leg squat on both legs

• At least 14 years old
  • Individuals under the age of 18 must be accompanied by a parent
• Have at least 3 years of ballet experience
• Currently practice dance technique
  • At least 1 hour per week over the past 6 months
• Are familiar with basic ballet terminology

• Are at least 18 years old
• Currently identify as:
  • a dancer
  • a dance parent
  • a dance teach/choreographer/coach
  • a dance studio/company/program director or equivalent

• Ages of 18 and 50 years old.
• Do not have any health-related conditions, diseases, or previous injuries that currently affect your lower extremities.

• Ages: 18-75 
• Chronic low back pain (lasting 3+ months) 
• Pain intensity: 3/10 or higher in the past 24 hours 
• Access to email and intern

• At least 18 years old
• A licensed or certified healthcare provider
• A student in an accredited professional healthcare program