Research Study Participation

• Are a recreationally active female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Meet the study’s aerobic fitness eligibility requirement (assessed during Visit 1: achieve an age-specific “fair” or greater cardiorespiratory fitness classification (≥34.6 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) during the maximal graded exercise test).
• Are willing to come in for all seven study visits and complete all study activities.

• Male or female adult aged ≥60 years old
• Free from uncontrolled metabolic disease (as determined via health history questionnaire and resting blood pressure assessment)
• Free from implanted pacemakers/defibrillators
• Recreationally active (≥150 min. per week of self-reported moderate physical activity and at least one resistance training/weight-bearing session per week)
• Cleared to begin an exercise program as determined by all “no” answers on the modified Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ)
• Able to reliably initiate a video conferencing call (e.g., Zoom, WhatsApp, Facetime, etc.) with your laptop or mobile phone

• Are a recreationally active male or female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Are willing to come in for four visits

• Male or female meeting the following criteria
  • Healthy and ready for physical activity as determined by questionnaires you complete about your health status, and either between the ages of 18-30 years old, OR 65-85 years old, OR
  • Sarcopenic (the gradual loss of muscle mass and strength that happens as people get older) as determined by sarcopenia screening assessments and between the ages of 65-85 years old.
• Currently untrained. To be included you must not have participated in programmed resistance training within the past year. This will be determined by a training history questionnaire (THQ).
• Premenopausal, with a regular menstrual period as determined by the menstrual status questionnaire (female participants between the ages of 18-30 years old only).
• Currently not pregnant and do not intend to become pregnant. We will ask you to verbally confirm your pregnancy status.
• Currently be consuming ≤ 300mg caffeine per day on average and willing to keep caffeine intake consistent throughout the duration of the study.
• Willing to adhere to all pre-testing visit instructions including:
  • Abstaining from vigorous exercise for five days, light exercise for four days, and all forms of exercise for at least three days prior to visit 5.
  • Abstaining from caffeine for at least 12 hours prior to visit 5, 6 and 7.
  • Abstaining from alcohol for at least 24 hours prior to visit 5 through completion of visit 7.
  • Willing to fast for at least 8 hours prior to visits 6 and 7.
• Normotensive (blood pressure within normal limits) or have controlled hypertension.
• Are not currently taking and have no prior history of using of any performance enhancing drugs.
• Free from previous or current lower body injuries that may limit your ability to complete either exercise or physical assessments.
• Highly likely to be successful at providing the required blood samples. This will be determined during today’s visit by a certified phlebotomist.
• Not regularly taking any type of prescription or over-the-counter medication which might affect the assessments, or having any chronic illnesses, which require medical care. This will be determined in your medical history questionnaire and other screening questionnaires.

• Between 18-65 years of age
• Self-reported chronic low back pain (CLBP)
• CLBP classified as pain located in the low back area
• Symptoms persisting for at least 3 months
• At least 3 or more low back pain episodes within the past 3 years
• An episode defined as low back pain of sufficient intensity to limit participation in daily activities
• Average pain intensity of ≥3/10 over the previous 24 hours
• Fluent in English
• Ability to attend all laboratory visits
• Reliable access to email
• Ability to walk independently without a cane, walker, or other assistive device
• Ability to stand up from a chair without using your arms for assistance
• Ability to safely get down to and up from the floor without assistance

• Adults 18-40 years
• Insufficiently inactive define by the L-CAT (responses below public health physical activity guidelines)
• physical activity is not contraindicated (i.e., no affirmative responses on the PAR-Q+
• Adults with diagnosed insomnia disorder and score ≥ 10 on the ISI
• Good sleeps a score < 10 (no history of sleep disorder)
• Basic understanding of yoga poses
• Access to a smart device (such as a smartphone or tablet)

• Male and female adults (18-35 years of age).
• Are physically active (≥150 minutes per week of physical activity plus muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days)
• Willing to follow all pre-visit restrictions (no caffeine within 12 hours, no alcohol within 24 hours, no strenuous exercise within 24 hours, no food within 3 hours, at least 6 hours of sleep the night before and arrive well hydrated).
• Not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and not actively trying to become pregnant during study participation, based on self-report.

We invite you to take part in a research study because you are a male runner between the ages of 18 and 40 who has been running at least 4 times per week for the past 3 years and has a recent 5 km personal best under 20 minutes. You must also be:

• Free from injury and able to safely complete treadmill running
• Willing to follow all pre visit restrictions (no caffeine within 24 hours, no strenuous exercise within 24 hours, no food within 3 hours)

• Younger adults aged 18–35 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–34.9 kg/m² who have participated in lower-body resistance training at least twice per week for the previous 6 months.
• Older adults aged 70 years and older with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–34.9 kg/m² who have not participated in lower-body resistance training during the previous 6 months.

• Are a recreationally active (≥150 minutes per week of physical activity) male between the ages of 18-35.
• Are willing to come in for all five visits.