Research Study Participation

Dancers:

• Are female
• Are at least 18 years old
• Have 3+ years of ballet experience within the last 5 years
• Currently participate in any style of dance at least 1 hour per week
• Have no injury that would prevent you from completing the study

Non-Dancers:

• Are female
• Are at least 18 years old
• Have 3+ years of experience playing any sport(s) within the last 5 years and have no dance experience
• Currently participate in any sport at least 1 day per week
• Have no injury that would prevent you from completing the study

• Are a recreationally active female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Meet the study’s aerobic fitness eligibility requirement (assessed during Visit 1: achieve an age-specific “fair” or greater cardiorespiratory fitness classification (≥34.6 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) during the maximal graded exercise test).
• Are willing to come in for all seven study visits and complete all study activities.

• Are a recreationally active male or female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Are willing to come in for four visits

You must be 18 years of age or older and be a healthcare provider, clinician, practitioner (e.g., athletic trainer, physical therapist, physician, physiotherapist, sport scientist, strength and conditioning coach), or a student in a healthcare or sport science-related program that could administer functional testing with patients/clients/athletes to take part in this research study.

• Are a recreationally active (≥150 minutes per week of physical activity) male between the ages of 18-35.
• Are willing to come in for all five visits.

• are between the ages of 18-35 years,
• either have had an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery or have not had an injury to either of your knees,
• have not been medically diagnosed with a concussion in the previous 6 months,
• have not been medically diagnosed with colorblindness,
• have no known neurological (nervous system) disorder (i.e. Multiple Sclerosis),
• have not taken opioid medication (pain medication) in the last 2 weeks,
• are not pregnant of planning to become present during study participation, and
• have no contraindications to brain MRI (you will complete a screening form).

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)

• Age 12-45 years
• History of knee injury (e.g., ACL tear, meniscus tear, patellofemoral pain, osteoarthritis) or surgery (e.g., ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy or repair, total knee arthroplasty) within the last 2 years