Research Study Participation

• Physically Active Adults (Current Tegner Activity Scale of at least 5)
• Male and female adults, aged 18-30 years

Inclusion criteria – ACL group:

• Age 18-35 years
• History of primary unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACLR) within last 2 years
• No history of any lower limb surgery besides the current ACLR
• Medical clearance to initiate jogging

Inclusion criteria – Uninjured group:

• Age 18-35 years
• No history of lower extremity surgery
• No history of lower extremity injury (defined as seeking medical attention) within last 2 years

• Aged 60 years or older
• Have normal cognitive function (based on results from the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] or Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
• Are willing to perform grip strength tests and provide informed consent
• Fluent in English

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)

• Ages of 18 and 50 years old.
• Do not have any health-related conditions, diseases, or previous injuries that currently affect your lower extremities.

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of ACL reconstruction within the last 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to running

• Age 12-45 years
• History of knee injury (e.g., ACL tear, meniscus tear, patellofemoral pain, osteoarthritis) or surgery (e.g., ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy or repair, total knee arthroplasty) within the last 2 years