Research Study Participation

• Aged 60 years or older
• Have normal cognitive function (based on results from the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] or Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
• Are willing to perform grip strength tests and provide informed consent
• Fluent in English

• Be 18-35 years old
• Currently pain free
• English speaking

ACL Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• History of only one ACL reconstruction within the previous 2 years
• Medical clearance for return to unrestricted activity

Uninjured Group:

• Age of 18-35 years
• No history of lower limb surgery
• No history of significant lower limb injury within previous 6 months (defined as seeking medical attention, or missing >3 consecutive practices or games)

• 18-35 years old with no current or history of low back pain or spine surgery
• Able to carry a 35 pound rucksack (heavy backpack)
• Able to perform a single leg squat on both legs

• Ages of 18 and 50 years old.
• Do not have any health-related conditions, diseases, or previous injuries that currently affect your lower extremities.

• At least 18 years old
• A licensed of certified healthcare provider
• A student in an accredited professional healthcare program

• Are an aerobically trained female (≥150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity) between the ages of 18-35.
• Achieve a peak V̇O₂ of ≥33.6 ml∙kg^-1∙min^-1 on the first visit based on age- and sex-specific normative reference values for cycle ergometry provided by the American College of Sports Medicine
• Are willing to come in for all six visits

• Are a recreationally active (≥150 minutes per week of physical activity) female between the ages of 18-35.
• Are willing to come in for all five visits

• Are at least 18 years old
• Can perform the following actions with no pain or discomfort: sit-to-stand, jump, oneleg stand
• Can read, write, and speak sufficient English
• Do not have an allergy to nylon, polyester, or elastane
• Are not pregnant
• Have not had an ankle, foot, or leg injury in the past 12 months.
• Wear a shoe size within the following range: Male 4-14; Female 6-13

• Female between the ages of 40 to 55
• Experiencing variable menstrual cycle length (>7 days different from normal) over the previous 6 months.